Domain investigation playbook

Verified publisher

DNS, subdomains, certificates, history and look-alikes of a domain, passively first

intermediateabout domain11 toolslicence CC-BY-4.0
Contents 6/7
  1. 1 Domain investigation playbook
  2. 2 Scope and legal
  3. 3 DNS records
  4. 4 Subdomains
  5. 5 History
  6. 6 Look-alike domains
  7. 7 Live hosts (active)
Tools (11)

Tools used in this guide

  • dns-records Looks up a domain's A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, NS, TXT, SOA and CAA recordsot install osintverse-community/dns-records
  • crtsh-subdomains Finds a domain's subdomains in Certificate Transparency logs through crt.sh or Cert Spotterot install osintverse-community/crtsh-subdomains
  • subfinder Finds a domain's subdomains passively from dozens of public sourcesot install osintverse-community/subfinder
  • gau Gets every known URL of a domain from the Wayback Machine, Common Crawl, OTX and urlscanot install osintverse-community/gau
  • waybackpy Finds the oldest or newest Wayback Machine capture of a URL, or every archived URL of a siteot install osintverse-community/waybackpy
  • dnstwist Finds registered look-alike domains for phishing, typosquatting and brand impersonationot install osintverse-community/dnstwist
  • httpx Probes a host's web server: status, title, technologies, TLS, CDN and IPot install osintverse-community/httpx
  • tlsx Reads a server's TLS certificate: names it covers, issuer, validity, fingerprints and JARMot install osintverse-community/tlsx
  • tldextract Splits a URL or hostname into subdomain, registered domain and public suffixot install osintverse-community/tldextract
  • checkdmarc Checks a domain's SPF, DMARC, MX, BIMI and DNSSEC records and reports problemsot install osintverse-community/checkdmarc
  • unfurl Breaks a URL into everything it encodes: timestamps, IDs, search terms, tracking and session dataot install osintverse-community/unfurl

Install them all:

ot guide tools osintverse-community/domain-investigation

Look-alike domains

Phishing and fraud campaigns register domains one letter, one TLD or one homoglyph away from the real brand.

ot run osintverse-community/dnstwist --domain example.com

dnstwist generates thousands of variants (typos, swapped letters, homoglyphs such as rn for m, other TLDs, added words) and reports the ones that are registered, with their A, NS and MX records.

Triage

Signal Why it matters
Has MX records It can send and receive email, the most common use for fraud
Resolves to the same hosting as other suspicious domains Same operator
Registered recently Recent registrations are rarely defensive
Has a certificate for the name (check with osintverse-community/crtsh-subdomains) Someone set up HTTPS, so it is likely in use

Note

Many look-alikes are registered defensively by the brand itself, or parked by domain resellers. Check the name servers and the registrant before you call one malicious.

Next: live hosts.

Published 20 Oct 2026. Read it in a terminal: ot guide read osintverse-community/domain-investigation; offline: ot guide get osintverse-community/domain-investigation · Source · Markdown

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